Universal screw-wrench.



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UNIVERSAL SCREW WRENCH.

APPLICATION FILED IAY 31, 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

THE NoRms PETERS ca., wAsHlNcTnN. ofc.

A( No. 827,711. PATBNTED AUG. '7. 1906.

J. T. F. GNTI.

UNIVERSAL SCREW WRENCH.

' APPLIoATloN FILED'MAY s1. 1905.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

me Nomals PETERS cn., wAsHINaTnN, D. c.

v No. 827,711. PATENTED AUG. 7, 1906.

' J. T..F. GONTI.

UNIVERSAL SCREW WRENCH.

APPLIUATION FILED MAY'Bl, 1905.

3 SHEETS-BINET 3.

1HE NoRRls rETERs ca., wAsHmaroN. n. c,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

UNIVERSAL SCREW-WRENCH.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 7,1906.

Application iiled May 31, 1905. Serial No. 263,022.

T0 tZZ whom, t may concern:

Be it known that I, J AMES TIBURCE FELIX CONTI, engineer, of S QuaidOrlans, in the city of Paris, Republic of France, have invented aUniversal Screw-Vrench, of which the following is a full, clear, andexact description.

rlhis invention relates to a universal screwwrench essentiallycharacterized by nippers or tongs with parallel aws, the said wrenchbeing also able to be used as hand-vise.

This wrench, which has not any slide nor any guide, is essentiallycharacterized by the two following features: First, the two jaws aremounted upon the two opposite sides of an articulated parallelogram;second, the binding-surfaces of these jaws are parallel to the directionof the bisector of the angle formed by the two extreme positions of thetWo other sides of this parallelogram and respectively corresponding tothe maximum closing and opening of the wrench, so that no appreciableshifting of the jaws in a direction perpendicular to that of tighteningwill take place while the wrench is closed.

This wrench is illustrated by way of example in the accompanyingdrawings, in which- Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the principleof the invention. Fig. 2 shows in elevation a wrench made according tothis invention. Fig. 3 is a plan thereof. Fig. 4. shows a modified formof wrench. Figs. 5 to 7 show a second modification. Fig. 5 is anelevation; and Figs. 6 and 7 are two crosssections, respectively, madeaccording to lines AA and B B of Fig. 5. Figs. 8 to 11 show a thirdmodification. Fig. 8 is an elevation g and Figs. 9, l0,v and ll arecross-sections, respectively, made according to lines C C, D D, E E ofFig. 8.

The present wrench is made according to the following principle: Let ussuppose an articulated parallelogram A B C D, the two opposite sides A Band C D of which can be broughtI nearer or removed the one from theother in a predetermined quantity. In order to be better understood, theside A B is supposed to be fixed and the side C D alone is movable, A BC D being the middle position of this parallelogram and A B C D A B C Dthe two extreme positions of the latter. The fixed side A B is continuedby an inclined arm E F and the movable side Cy D by an arm Cr H, whichis also inclined and parallel to the preceding one.

When the side C D G H is brought nearer to the fixed side A B E F or isremoved from the latter, all the vpoints of this side C D G H willrespectively strike a curve parallel to the arcs C C C, D D D, and ifthe two members or arms E F G H receive a direction parallel to thebisectors A C and B D of angles C AC and D B D these two members E F, GH will be brought nearer the one to the other' with the minimum ofdisplacement in a direction at right angles with the tightening. Everyone of the points of the member G H when striking, as described, a curveparallel with the arcs C C C, D D D will be shifted relatively to thecorresponding point of the fixed arm or branch E F of a quantity equalto the pitch of the arc struck, this displacement being practically ofno importance. The same will happen with the arms I J and K L.

The wrench shown, Figs. 2 and 3, is made according to this principle.lIt is composed of two parallel members a b, connected to gether by linksc cl, forming with said members an articulated parallelogram. Thesebranches are provided at each of their ends with jaws e f g k, thebinding-faces of which are directed, as hereinbefore specified,parallelly to the middle position of the links c and d.

In order that the two ends of the wrench may be utilized, the distancebetween the jaws e f is different from that of the jaws g 7L. When thewrench is completely closed, the two jaws ef are applied against oneanother, while there is between the two jaws g h a space equal to thedistance between the two jaws e f when the wrench is completely open.With such a device a double opening of the jaws-is obtained for a givencourse.

A spring t tends constantly to open the wrench, and this opening of thewrench can be regulated by means of a milled nut j, which is screwedupon a threaded stem 7c, fastened upon the member a in a directionparallel to that in which the tightening operation takes place-that isto say, at right angles to the middle position of the links c clandfreely traversing the member l) with a play corresponding to the pitchof the arc struck from each of the points of the arm or member l).

Fig. 4 shows a modified form in which the opening of the wrench isadjusted by a slide l. In this case the external edges of the twomembers a b will be inclined, as shown in the IOO IIO

drawings. two jaws g h, can be provided with two notches m n, arrangedopposite the one to the other and allowing to take hold of a nut bymeans of its edges. The milled stud can be provided with a squareportion j or any other device enabling to easily handle the same eitherby means of a wrench or with the hand and to exert a strain in the casewhen the nippers are used as a handvise.

Figs. 5 to 7 show a modified form in which the adjusting device is soarranged as to allow to place the operating milled knob between the twomembers of the wrench. The two members a b, outlined as shown in thedrawings, are centrally traversed by a stem 7c perpendicular 'to theplane of the binding or tightening surfaces. This stem carries in itsmiddle a milled nut y', made in one with the same, and is provided atits ends with two inversely-threaded parts engaged with two nuts p q, soarranged as not to be able to rotate upon the stem 7C and adapted to actupon two shoulders respectively presented by the two members a Springsi, interposed between the milled nut y' and the two members c b,constantly tend to maintain at a distance the jaws of the wrench. Thisarrangement of the wrench has for advantage to allow a more rapidadjusting of the opening of the jaws. Furthermore, there being nothreading of the holes provided in the members a b for the passage of.the stem c the mounting of the latter can bemore easily effected. Thenuts p and g are prevented from turning on the two members a b by havingone of the flat sides of each nut in engagement with the member a and b,respectively. Thus as the milled nut is turned the members a b will bebrought together or spread apart, according to the direction of rotationof said nut and the nuts p qwill follow along as the members a areseparated or brought together. The spring t' might be omitted in thisform, if desired.

Figs. 8 to 1l show another modified form, in which the opening of thejaws is controlled simply by a screw the stem of which works bycompression. This device, while being of a simple construction, furtherincreases the strength of the wrench and insures a perfect immobility ofthe jaws when the latter receive a certain range' of opening. The twomembers a b having such a section as to be able to be displaced the onein advance of the other have each at the middle a V-shaped part, the twoapices of the V-shaped parts of these members a b being opposite the oneto the other, as shown in Fig. l. The member a has a boss a, providedwith a threaded hole in which engages a screw 7c, directed at rightangles with the binding or tightening faces of the jaws ef g h. The endof the stem of the screw 7c abuts against one of the internal sides ofthe Vnshaped portion of the other The two aws e f, as well as the memberl). A flat spring i, secured to the member b, also engages the member a,and thus tends to constantly maintain at a distance the jaws with whichthe two members c b of the wrench, are provided. This new arrangement isvery simple and insures a perfect rigidity of the jaws. Furthermore, thescrew c, working by compression, is able to resist powerful strains.

With the present system of wrench the tightening of the nut can beobtained even when the wrench can be moved only through a very smallangle. Thus for tightening a nut with six sides it will only benecessary, by seizing this nut alternately by its sides and by itsedges, to turn the wrench a twelfth of a turn. Of course this resultcannot be obtained with the ordinary wrenches.

This universal wrench requires no previous adjusting. It avoids thetroublesome groping which is always required with the ordinary wrencheswith milled nut.

This tightening device can receive several industrialapplications,especially in the manufacture of stationary vises.

I claim l. A universal wrench capable of being used as nippers withparallel jaws and as a hand-vise comprising two members coupled by twoparallel links, the whole forming an articulated parallelogram, the twoparts pre senting at each of their ends a tightening face following adirection parallel with the bisector of the maximum angle that can bestruck from the longitudinal axis of each link around one of its joints,an adjusting device allowing to vary at will the respective position ofthe two members and accordingly the opening of the jaws, substantiallyas described.

2. A universal wrench capable of being used as nippers with paralleljaws and as a hand-vise comprising two members coupled by two parallellinks, the whole forming an articulated parallelogram, the two partspresenting at each of their ends a tightening face following a directionparallel with the bisector of the ma'ximum angle which can be struckfrom the longitudinal axis of each link around one of its joints, theminimum distance between the two tightening faces on one of the ends ofthe two members being equal to the maximum distance apart between thetwo tightening faces on the other end of these two members, an adjustingdevice allowing to vary at will the respective position of the twomembers and accordingly the opening of the jaws, substantially asdescribed.

3. A universal wrench Acapable of being used as nippers with paralleljaws and as a hand-vise, comprising two members coupled by two parallellinks, the whole forming an articulated parallelogram, the two partspre- A IOO from the longitudinal aXis of each link around one of itsjoints, a spring interposed between the two members and constantlytending to spread the same the one from the other, an adjusting deviceallowing to vary at will the respective position of the two members andaccordingly the opening ofthe jaws, substantially as described.

4. A universal wrench capable of being used as nippers with paralleljaws and as a `hand-vise, comprising two members coupled by two parallellinks, the whole forming an articulated parallelogram, the two partspresenting at each of their ends a tightening face following a directionparallel with the bisector of the maximum angle that can be struck fromthe longitudinal aXis of each link around one of its joints, the twomembers moving one infront ol the other and presenting in the middle, aV-shaped part the two apices of the V-shaped parts being opposite toeach other, a boss acting as a nut carried by one of the members, apressing screw traversing the boss and abutting against the edge of ltheother member, a spring placed between the two members and constantlytending to spread the same the one from the other and thus constantlypressing one of these members against the end of the screw carried bythe other member, substantially as described.

5. A universal wrench capable of being used as nippers with paralleljaws and as y hand-vise, comprising two members coupled by two parallellinks, the whole forming an articulated parallelogram, the two partspresenting at each of their ends a tightening face following a directionparallel with the bisector of the maximum angle that can be struck fromthe longitudinal axis of each link around one of its joints, the twomembers moving one in front of the other and presenting in the middle aV-shaped part, the two apices of the V-shaped parts being opposite toeach other, a boss acting as a nut carried by one of the sides of theV-shaped central part of one of the members, a pressing-screw directedat right angles with reference to the tightening faces and abuttingagainst one of the internal sides of the V-shaped central part of theother member7 a spring interposed between the two members and tendingconstantly to spread the latter the one from the other, substantially asdescribed.v

The foregoing specification of my universal screw-wrench signed by methis 19th day of' May, 1905.

JAMES TIBURCE FELIX CONTI. Witnesses:

HANsoN C. COXE, MAURICE H. PIGNET,

